Alloy Information Report for Stainless Steel 321

General Characteristics of Stainless 321

Stainless 321 is an 18-10 stainless steel stabilized with titanium, making it ideal for welding applications. Stainless 321 is recommended up to 1650° (899°C), resists corrosion and oxidation, and offers elevated creep strength.

Chemical Composition of Stainless 321

Carbon 0.08 max
Manganese 2.00 max
Silicon 1.00 max
Phosphorus 0.045 max
Sulfur 0.030 max
Chromium 17.00-19.00
Nickel 9.00-12.00
Titanium 5xC min
Iron balance

Heat Treatment of Stainless 321

Anneal by heating to 1750°F (954°C), then air or water cool
Stabilize by heating to 1550° to 1650°F (843° to 899°C), then air cool
Harden only through cold work; thermal treatment ineffective

Applications of Stainless 321

Jet and aircraft parts
Refineries
Tempering equipment
Exhaust systems

Machinability of Stainless 321

Large tools help diffuse heat
Use cutting fluid at tool tip
Heavy feeds at slower speeds recommended over light feeds at higher speeds
Single point, high-speed steel tools:
- 5-10° rake or top angle and back rake
- 7-10° front clearance
- 5-8° side clearance
- 10-15° lead angle
- 8-15° cutting-edge angle
Circular tools use 7-10° back rake and 7-10° clearance
Drills: Angle of 140° included angle at tip and 9-15° lip clearance
Turn with 0.003-0.008” feed at 60-90 sfpm
With ½” drill, use feed of 0.003-0.007 and 30-60 sfpm
Tap at 15-25 sfpm
Mill at 35-70 sfpm
Broach at 8-15 sfpm
Ream at 20-60 sfpm

Workability of Stainless 321

Can be worked virtually any hot-forming process
Heat slowly and with care
Form at 2000° to 2200°F (1093° to 1024°C)
Finish at 1700°F (927°C) minimum
To anneal, reheat to 1750° to 1950°F (954° to 1066°C), then air and water cool
If not annealing, cool quickly after hot forming
Forge at 2100° to 2300°F (1149° to 1260°C)

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